??磁光盘(MO)既具有硬盘的大容量和可读写功能，又具有软盘的便携特性，同时还具有光盘防磁，抗湿和可靠的特性。磁光盘的外形比3.5"和5.25"软盘略厚一些，塑料外壳内是一片类似CD-ROM的盘片，上面覆盖着磁性物质，在激光照射下可进行数据读写。这种磁性物质主要是铽，镝，钆等重稀土元素和铁，钴，镍等过渡金属元素的合金薄膜，也少量添加钕，镨，以改善短波长特性。

??磁光存储材料要求具有以下特性。从存储这方面来说，要求饱和磁化小（用较小的磁场就能存入），在室温下不发生磁化反转，且在室温下矫顽力Hc要大。因为利用半导体激光，所以居里温度最好在373～573K之间。在读出方面，室温下克尔旋转角θ_k要大（读取灵敏度高）。综合各方面的特性，目前主要使用的磁光存储材料是TbFeCo合金薄膜。一张3.5"的TbFeCo磁光盘约需消费铽0.5毫克左右。

??磁光盘的生产几乎已由日本厂家垄断，主要生产厂家有三菱材料公司，住友金属矿山公司，三井金属矿业公司，东苏电子公司等。

??由于北美计算机市场原有的硬件设备基础雄厚，对新产品磁光盘的发展有一定阻碍作用，世界磁光盘市场以日本市场为核心发展。日本磁光盘用TbFeCo的年消费量在1～2吨左右。

分子式：(Y、Eu、Gd）2 O3

REO:大于等于99%  ， （Y2O3+Eu2O3+Gd2O3）/ REO % 大于等于99.99 ， ......

用途USE：用于制作等离子平板显示（PDP)用稀土荧光粉。Mainly used for Making PDP fluorescent powder.

规格：1.普通级：99%，99.5%，99.9%,99.95%；
2.高纯级：99.99%，99.995%，99.999%；
3.颗粒度：<50nm,1-2um,3-5um,15-25um,>40um。4.根据用户的要求，提供特殊规格产品。

包装：10、25、50公斤/袋，内两层塑料袋，外编织、铁桶、纸桶或塑料桶。,
性状：带淡红的白色粉末。密度7.42g/cm3。熔点2002℃。不溶于水，溶于酸。能吸收空气中的二氧化碳和水。

应用领域：用于彩电、荧光粉、灯用三基色荧光粉、新型X射线医疗诊断系统的受激发射荧光粉。氧化铕还可用于制造有色镜片和光学滤光片，用于磁泡贮存器件，原子反应堆的控制材料、屏蔽材料和结构材料。

规格：
1.普通级：99%，99.5%，99.9%,99.95%；
2.高纯级：99.99%，99.995%，99.999%；
3.颗粒度：<50nm,1-2um,3-5um,15-25um,>40um。4.根据用户的要求，提供特殊规格产品。

包装：10、25、50公斤/袋，内两层塑料袋，外编织、铁桶、纸桶或塑料桶。,
性状：略带微黄色的白色粉末，密度8.3477.24g/cm3，熔点2262℃，可溶于酸，露置空气中吸收二氧化碳和水。

应用领域：
用于作红外线的发光玻璃添加剂、观光材料中的涂料，制钐钴永磁材料和生产金属钐、电子器件和陶瓷电容器、催化剂等；用于原子能反应堆的结构材料，屏敝材料和控制材料，使核裂变产生巨大的能量得以安全利用。

Yttrium oxide氧化钇 

规格：1.普通级：99%，99.5%，99.9%,99.95%；

2.高纯级：99.99%，99.995%，99.999%；

3.颗粒度：<50nm,1-2um,3-5um,15-25um,>40um。4.根据用户的要求，提供特殊规格产品。

Praseodymium[1] (chemical symbol Pr, atomic number 59)

is a soft silvery metallic element that is a member of the lanthanide series of chemical elements. It is considered one of the "rare earth metals."

规格：
1.普通级：99%，99.5%，99.9%,99.95%；
2.高纯级：99.99%，99.995%，99.999%；
3.颗粒度：<50nm,1-2um,3-5um,15-25um,>40um。4.根据用户的要求，提供特殊规格产品。

[2] Praseodymium and its alloys and compounds are useful in a variety of ways. For instance, praseodymium forms the core of carbon arc lights that are used by the motion picture industry for studio lighting. An alloy of praseodymium with magnesium is useful for making high-strength metals for aircraft engines, and an alloy of praseodymium with nickel has been used by scientists to attain a temperature within one thousandth of a degree of absolute zero. A mixture of praseodymium with neodymium is used to make specialty goggles for welders and glass blowers. In addition, some praseodymium compounds are used to impart a yellow color to glasses and enamels.

包装：10、25、50公斤/袋，内两层塑料袋，外编织、铁桶、纸桶或塑料桶。,
性状：黑色粉末，密度6.88 g/cm3，熔点2042℃，不溶于水，能溶于酸生成三价盐类。导电性良好。
应用领域：用于建筑陶瓷和日用陶瓷中，其与陶瓷釉混合制成色釉，也可单独作釉下颜料，制成的颜料呈淡黄色，色调纯正、淡雅;用于制造永磁体。选用廉价的镨钕金属代替纯钕金属制造永磁材料，其抗氧性能和机械性能明显提高，可加工成各种形状的磁体。广泛应用于各类电子器件和马达上;用于石油催化裂化。

3.颗粒度：<50nm,1-2um,3-5um,15-25um,>40um。4.根据用户的要求，提供特殊规格产品。　
 
 
性状：
白色无定形粉末。密度6.51g/cm3,熔点2217℃,沸点4200℃。微溶于水，易溶于酸而生成相应的盐类。露置空气中易吸收二氧化碳和水，逐渐变成碳酸镧。灼烧的氧化镧与水化合放出大量的热。

应用领域：
主要用于制造制特种合金精密光学玻璃、高折射光学纤维板，适合做摄影机、照相机、显微镜镜头和高级光学仪器棱镜等。还用了制造陶瓷电容器、压电陶瓷掺入剂和X射线发光材料溴氧化镧粉等。由磷铈镧矿砂萃取或由灼烧碳酸镧或硝酸镧而得。也可以由镧的草酸盐加热分解可以制得。

规格：
1.普通级：99%，99.5%，99.9%,99.95%；
2.高纯级：99.99%，99.995%，99.999%；

3.颗粒度：<50nm,1-2um,3-5um,15-25um,>40um。4.根据用户的要求，提供特殊规格产品。

包装：10、25、50公斤/袋，内两层塑料袋，外编织、铁桶、纸桶或塑料桶。性状：淡黄或黄褐色助粉末。密度7.13g/cm3,熔点2397℃,不溶于水和碱，微溶于酸。在2000℃温度和15Mpa压力下，可用氢还原氧化铈得到三氧化二铈。

应用领域：
作为玻璃添加剂，能吸收紫外线与红外线，大量应用于汽车玻璃。不仅能防紫外线，还可降低车内温度，从而节约空调用电;用于汽车尾气净化催化剂中，可有效防止大量汽车废气排到空气中;用于取代铅、镉等对环境和人类有害的金属应用到颜料中，可对塑料着色，也可用于涂料、油墨和纸张等行业;用于固体激光器;用于抛光粉、储氢材料、热电材料、铈钨电极、陶瓷电容器、压电陶瓷、铈碳化硅磨料、燃料电池原料、汽油催化剂、某些永磁材料、各种合金钢及有色金属等。

规格：
1.普通级：99%，99.5%，99.9%,99.95%；
2.高纯级：99.99%，99.995%，99.999%；

3.颗粒度：<50nm,1-2um,3-5um,15-25um,>40um。4.根据用户的要求，提供特殊规格产品。

包装：10、25、50公斤/袋，内两层塑料袋，外编织、铁桶、纸桶或塑料桶。, 性状：浅蓝色粉末。相对密度7.24g/cm3，熔点约1900℃，易受潮，不溶于水，能溶于酸。在空气中加热能部分生成钕的高价氧化物。

应用领域：
用于制取永磁材料，玻璃，陶瓷的着色剂和激光材料。在镁或铝合金中添加1.5%～2.5%纳米氧化钕，可提高合金的高温性能、气密性和耐腐蚀性，广泛用作航宽航天材料。另外，掺纳米氧化钕的纳米氧化钇铝石榴石产生短波激光束，在工业上广泛用于厚度在10mm以下薄型材料的焊接和切削。在医疗上，掺纳米氧化钕的纳米氧化钇铝石榴石激光器代替手术刀用于摘除手术或消毒创伤口。纳米氧化钕也用于玻璃和陶瓷材料的着色以及橡胶制品和添加剂。

金属钕-英文：Neodymium metal

外观：海绵态或结晶态金属，断口呈银白色金属光泽，空气中易被氧化。稀土总量：99%、99.5% ，金属钕纯度：99%、99.5%、99.9%及高纯金属钕，其它杂质含量：均低于行业标准。包装：内双层塑料袋，可真空充氩气，外铁桶或盒封装，50公斤、100公斤/包装。

用途：金属钕用于功能性材料添加剂，钕铁硼永磁材料，高科技合金添加材料和电子产品领域等。

氧化镨.氧化镥.氧化铈HOOKHAN[+++++] 氧化銪.氧化釔.氧化铽.氧化镧HOOKHAN[+++++] 中国稀土HOOKHAN[+++++] CHINA RARE-EARTH HOOKHAN[+++++]RARE EARTH MAGNET氧化钕.氧化钐.氧化镝.氧化釓HOOKHAN [[+]] 氧化镨.氧化镥.氧化铈HOOKHAN[+++++] 氧化銪.氧化釔.氧化铽.氧化镧HOOKHAN[+++++] 中国稀土HOOKHAN[+++++] CHINA RARE-EARTH HOOKHAN[+++++] RARE EARTH MAGNET氧化钕.氧化钐.氧化镝.氧化釓HOOKHAN

Neodymium oxide

is rather an attractive mauve color, as you can see if you look carefully at the original surface of these cut pieces. Hopefully they are now protected from further oxidation by the argon atmosphere inside the ampoule. Neodymium alloyed with iron and boron - NIB - is widely used to produce very strong magnets. The four gold magnets supporting the levitated graphite in the carbon cube are examples that would equally belong here.

氧化钕有很吸引人的淡紫色的颜色，正如你所看到的，如果你仔细的观察原始表面的这些裁片。希望他们现在免遭进一步氧化，在充满氩气气氛安瓿内存。钕合金与铁，硼-添加-被广泛用于生产非常强磁铁。四金磁铁支持磁悬浮石墨的碳立方体的例子，将同样属于这里。

中国稀金属元素HOOKHAN   CHINA RARE EARTH .HOOKHAN   光电仪器WHISTOON   空气投影WHITOON   汽幕投影显示WHISTOON   工业显示器WHISTOON   发动机ENGIN. WHISTOON   可编程控制器WHISTOON   POS机. WHISTOON   LOGO设计. WHISTOON   数码研究与自修BOFOOMEN    嵌入式自修BOFOOMEN   数码中国BOFOOMEN   初入网路BOFOOMEN

财经杂谈BOFOOMEN   营销悟道BOFOOMEN   网路行销BOFOOMEN   中国工匠BOFOOMEN     WORDS AND DEEDS BOFOOMEN     NEGATIVE ORIENTAL BOFOOMEN   TATTOOS（TATOO）DESIGN BOFOOMEN    PAINTED LADIES & UKIYO-E BOFOOMEN    ORIENTAL CRAFTSMAN BOFOOMEN    CHINESE CRAFTSMEN BOFOOMEN    MISCELLANEA BOFOOMEN  MADE IN CHINA BOFOOMEN

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Rare earth elements

consist of a group of 15 metals. In most cases and usage patterns in the modern economy, these 15 elements are oxides. The names of the elements are Cerium, Dysprosium, Erbium, Europium, Gadolinium, Holmium, Lanthanum, Lutetium, Neodymium, Praseodymium, Samarium, Terbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, and Yttrium.

The bulk of the world's supply of rare earth elements comes from the mineral bastnasite. Bastnasite is a mixed lanthanide fluoro-carbonate mineral (Ln F CO3) that is found in rocks called carbonatites.

Carbonatites are igneous carbonate rocks. Specifically, this means that the rock masses contain more than 50% carbonate minerals, and cooled from a melt. Despite extensive research, no one is entirely certain about the origins of carbonatites. The general viewpoint is that carbonatites are carbonate rocks that were buried deep enough to melt via metamorphic processes or in the presence of igneous intrusions. Some geochemists have speculated that carbonatites can form when mantle rocks melt in the presence of carbon dioxide. There is almost always significant calcite in carbonatites.

Most carbonatites are intrusive igneous rocks. Structurally, they occur as volcanic plugs, dikes and cone sheets. Carbonatites often occur as smaller components of large igneous intrusions of silicate rocks, such as nepheline syenite. In these cases the general term is to refer to a "carbonatite complex."

According to the geological literature, there are about 330 known occurrences of carbonatites worldwide, but almost all are small and noncommercial. There are only a few carbonatite deposits of commercial significance in the world.  Currently there are two deposits that are up and running. One is at Mountain Pass, California and operated by Molycorp, a subsidiary of Chevron (formerly owned by Unocal). The other major deposit is at Baiyun Ebo in Inner Mongolia, China. Mount Weld, Australia is also a large commercial body in development stages.

Major Uses of Rare Earth Elements

Lanthanum comes from the mineral bastnasite, and is extracted via a method called "solvent extraction." Lanthanum is a strategically important rare earth element due to its activity in catalysts that are critical in petroleum refining. By one estimate, lanthanum "cracking-agents" increase refinery yield by as much as 10%, while reducing overall refinery power consumption.

Cerium is the most abundant of the rare earth elements. Cerium is critical in the manufacture of environmental protection and pollution-control systems, from automobiles to oil refineries. Cerium oxides, and other cerium compounds, go into catalytic converters and larger-scale equipment to reduce the sulfur oxide emissions. Cerium is a diesel fuel additive for micro-filtration of pollutants, and promotes more complete fuel combustion for more energy efficiency.

Neodymium is a critical component of strong permanent magnets. Cell phones, portable CD players, computers and most modern sound systems would not exist in their current form without using neodymium magnets. Neodymium-Iron- Boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets are essential for miniaturizing a variety of technologies. These magnets maximize the power/cost ratio, and are used in a large variety of motors and mechanical systems.

Europium offers exceptional properties of photon emission. When it absorbs electrons or UV radiation, the europium atom changes energy levels to create a visible, luminescent emission. This emission creates the perfect red phosphors used in color televisions and computer screens around the world. Europium is also used in fluorescent lighting, which cuts energy use by 75% compared to incandescent lighting. In the medical field, europium is used to tag complex biochemical agents which helps to trace these materials during tissue research.

Praseodymium comprises just 4% of the lanthanide content of bastnasite, but is used as a common coloring pigment. Along with neodymium, praseodymium is used to filter certain wavelengths of light. So praseodymium finds specific uses in photographic filters, airport signal lenses, welder's glasses, as well as broad uses in ceramic tile and glass (usually yellow). When used in an alloy, praseodymium is a component of permanent magnet systems designed for small motors. Praseodymium also has applications in internal combustion engines, as a catalyst for pollution control.

Yttrium is rare in bastnasite, so is usually recovered from even more obscure minerals and ores. Still, almost every vehicle on the road contains yttriumbased materials that improve the fuel efficiency of the engine. Another important use of yttrium is in microwave communication devices. Yttrium- Iron-Garnets (YIG) are used as resonators in frequency meters, magnetic field measurement devices, tunable transistors and Gunn oscillators. Yttrium goes into laser crystals specific to spectral characteristics for high-performance communication systems.

Other Rare Earth Elements

Most of the remaining lanthanides fall into the group known as the "heavies" and include: Samarium, Gadolinium, Dysprosium, Terbium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium, Ytterbium, and Lutetium.

Samarium has properties of spectral absorption that make it useful in filter glasses that surround neodymium laser rods.Gadolinium offers unique magnetic behavior. Thus this element is at the heart of magneto-optic recording technology, and other technology used in handling computer data.

Dysprosium is a widely used rare earth element that helps to make electronic components smaller and faster.Terbium is used in energy efficient fluorescent lamps. There are various terbium metal alloys that provide metallic films for magnetooptic data recording.

Holmium is exceedingly rare and expensive. Hence it has few commercial uses.Erbium has remarkable optical properties that make it essential for use in long-range fiber optic data transmission.

Thulium is the rarest of the rare earth elements. Its chemistry is similar to that of Yttrium. Due to its unique photographic properties, Thulium is used in sensitive X-ray phosphors to reduce X-ray exposure.   Ytterbium resembles Yttrium in broad chemical behavior. When subject to high stresses, the electrical resistance of the metal increases by an order of magnitude. So ytterbium is used in stress gauges to monitor ground deformations caused, for example, by earthquakes or underground explosions.

Lutetium, the last member of the Lanthanide series is, along with thulium, the least abundant. It is recovered, by ion-exchange routines, in small quantities from yttrium-concentrates and is available as a high-purity oxide. Cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) is currently used in detectors in positron emission tomography

RARE EARTH CHINA, BOFOOMEN

氧化镨.氧化镥.氧化铈HOOKHAN[+++++] 氧化銪.氧化釔.氧化铽.氧化镧HOOKHAN[+++++] 中国稀土HOOKHAN[+++++] CHINA RARE-EARTH HOOKHAN[+++++]RARE EARTH MAGNET氧化钕.氧化钐.氧化镝.氧化釓HOOKHAN [[+]] 氧化镨.氧化镥.氧化铈HOOKHAN[+++++] 氧化銪.氧化釔.氧化铽.氧化镧HOOKHAN[+++++] 中国稀土HOOKHAN[+++++] CHINA RARE-EARTH HOOKHAN[+++++] RARE EARTH MAGNET氧化钕.氧化钐.氧化镝.氧化釓HOOKHAN